Topological Sort is a linear ordering of vertices in a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) such that for every directed edge u → v, node u comes before v in the order. Key Points (Quick Revision) Topological Sort in Simple Words Topological Sort means: Real-Life Example Think about: This is dependency-based ordering, that is, Topological Sort….
Dijkstra Algorithm is used to find the shortest path from a source node to all other nodes in a weighted graph where weights are non-negative. Key Points (Quick Revision) Dijkstra in Simple Words It always chooses the minimum distance first. Real-Life Example Think about Google Maps: That’s the Dijkstra Algorithm. Example Graph (4) A ——-…
Depth First Search (DFS) is a graph traversal algorithm that explores nodes as deep as possible before backtracking. It uses a stack (or recursion) to visit nodes. Key Points (Quick Revision) DFS in Very Simple Words DFS means: It works like exploring a maze. Real-Life Example Imagine: This is exactly how DFS works. Example Graph…
Breadth First Search (BFS) is a graph traversal algorithm that visits nodes level by level using a queue (FIFO). It is commonly used to find the shortest path in an unweighted graph. Key Points (Quick Revision) BFS in Very Simple Words BFS is like spreading out step by step. It works like a wave or…
Graph Representation in Data Structures – When we work with graphs in programming, we need a way to store the graph inside the computer. This is called Graph Representation. There are two main ways to represent a graph: Why do we need Graph Representation? A graph is made of: But a computer cannot directly understand…
A Graph is a nonlinear data structure used to represent connections between different things. Unlike trees, a graph does not have a root node, and it does not follow a strict parent-child structure. A graph is made up of: Simple Real-Life Example of Graph All of these form a network, and networks are best represented…
A Heap is a special tree-based data structure that follows a very simple rule: The parent node is always greater than or smaller than its child nodes. Heaps are mainly used when we want to find the largest or smallest element quickly. Important Point About Heap Types of Heap There are two types of heaps:…
An AVL Tree is a self-balancing Binary Search Tree (BST). In a normal BST, the tree can become unbalanced, which makes searching slow. An AVL Tree solves this problem by automatically maintaining balance after every insertion or deletion. Why do we need an AVL Tree? Let’s understand the problem first. In a BST, if we…