Java Conditional Statements Practice Questions with Solutions

Conditional statements are one of the most important concepts in Java programming. They allow a program to make decisions based on specific conditions. Instead of executing every statement sequentially, Java uses conditional statements to determine which block of code should run according to the result of a condition.

Decision-making is used in almost every Java application, including:

Login Systems
Banking Applications
Student Result Systems
Online Shopping Websites
ATM Software
Employee Management Systems
Hospital Management Systems
Android Applications
Enterprise Java Applications

Java provides several conditional statements:

if
if-else
else-if ladder
Nested if
switch

These statements help developers control the program flow efficiently.

In this chapter, you’ll solve beginner-friendly and interview-oriented Java practice questions based on conditional statements. Each question includes a complete Java solution, sample input/output, explanation, and concepts covered to strengthen your Java programming skills. Java Conditional Statements practice questions with solutions help to understand the concepts.

1. Java Program to Check Whether a Number is Positive or Negative

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to check whether a given number is positive or negative using the if-else statement.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int number;

        System.out.print("Enter a Number: ");
        number = scanner.nextInt();

        if (number >= 0) {
            System.out.println("Positive Number");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Negative Number");
        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter a Number: 25

Sample Output

Positive Number

Explanation

The program checks whether the entered number is greater than or equal to zero.

If the condition is true, it prints Positive Number.
Otherwise, it prints Negative Number.

Concepts Covered

if-else Statement
Relational Operator
Decision Making
Scanner Class

2. Java Program to Check Whether a Number is Even or Odd

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to determine whether a given number is even or odd.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int number;

        System.out.print("Enter a Number: ");
        number = scanner.nextInt();

        if (number % 2 == 0) {
            System.out.println("Even Number");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Odd Number");
        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter a Number: 18

Sample Output

Even Number

Explanation

The modulus operator (%) checks the remainder after division by 2.

Remainder = 0 → Even Number
Otherwise → Odd Number

Concepts Covered

if-else
Modulus Operator
Arithmetic Operators

3. Java Program to Find the Largest of Two Numbers

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to find the larger of two numbers using the if-else statement.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int firstNumber, secondNumber;

        System.out.print("Enter First Number: ");
        firstNumber = scanner.nextInt();

        System.out.print("Enter Second Number: ");
        secondNumber = scanner.nextInt();

        if (firstNumber > secondNumber) {
            System.out.println(firstNumber + " is Larger.");
        } else if (secondNumber > firstNumber) {
            System.out.println(secondNumber + " is Larger.");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Both Numbers are Equal.");
        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter First Number: 45
Enter Second Number: 80

Sample Output

80 is Larger.

Explanation

The program compares both numbers using relational operators.

If the first number is larger, it prints the first number.
If the second number is larger, it prints the second number.
Otherwise, both numbers are equal.

Concepts Covered

if-else
else-if
Relational Operators
Comparison

4. Java Program to Check Whether a Person is Eligible to Vote

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to determine whether a person is eligible to vote based on their age.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int age;

        System.out.print("Enter Your Age: ");
        age = scanner.nextInt();

        if (age >= 18) {
            System.out.println("Eligible to Vote");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Not Eligible to Vote");
        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter Your Age: 20

Sample Output

Eligible to Vote

Explanation

The legal voting age in many countries is 18 years or above.

If the entered age is 18 or greater, the person is eligible to vote.
Otherwise, the person is not eligible.

Concepts Covered

if-else Statement
Relational Operators
Decision Making
User Input

5. Java Program to Check Whether a Year is a Leap Year

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to determine whether a given year is a leap year.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int year;

        System.out.print("Enter Year: ");
        year = scanner.nextInt();

        if ((year % 400 == 0) ||
            (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0)) {

            System.out.println(year + " is a Leap Year.");

        } else {

            System.out.println(year + " is Not a Leap Year.");

        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter Year: 2024

Sample Output

2024 is a Leap Year.

Explanation

A leap year follows these rules:

Divisible by 400, or
Divisible by 4 but not divisible by 100

Examples:

Year	Result
2024	Leap Year
2023	Not Leap Year
2000	Leap Year
1900	Not Leap Year

Concepts Covered

Nested Conditions
Logical Operators
Modulus Operator
Decision Making

6. Java Program to Check Whether a Character is a Vowel or Consonant

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to determine whether a given alphabet is a vowel or a consonant.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        char character;

        System.out.print("Enter an Alphabet: ");
        character = scanner.next().charAt(0);

        if (character == 'a' || character == 'e' ||
            character == 'i' || character == 'o' ||
            character == 'u' || character == 'A' ||
            character == 'E' || character == 'I' ||
            character == 'O' || character == 'U') {

            System.out.println("Vowel");

        } else {

            System.out.println("Consonant");

        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter an Alphabet: A

Sample Output

Vowel

Explanation

The program compares the entered character with all vowels.

If it matches any vowel, it prints Vowel; otherwise, it prints Consonant.

Concepts Covered

if-else Statement
Logical OR Operator (||)
Character Comparison
Decision Making

7. Java Program to Find the Largest of Three Numbers

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to find the largest among three numbers.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int firstNumber, secondNumber, thirdNumber;

        System.out.print("Enter First Number: ");
        firstNumber = scanner.nextInt();

        System.out.print("Enter Second Number: ");
        secondNumber = scanner.nextInt();

        System.out.print("Enter Third Number: ");
        thirdNumber = scanner.nextInt();

        if (firstNumber >= secondNumber &&
                firstNumber >= thirdNumber) {

            System.out.println("Largest Number = " + firstNumber);

        } else if (secondNumber >= firstNumber &&
                secondNumber >= thirdNumber) {

            System.out.println("Largest Number = " + secondNumber);

        } else {

            System.out.println("Largest Number = " + thirdNumber);

        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter First Number: 40
Enter Second Number: 85
Enter Third Number: 65

Sample Output

Largest Number = 85

Explanation

The program compares all three numbers using the if-else-if ladder and displays the largest value.

Concepts Covered

if-else-if Ladder
Logical AND (&&)
Comparison Operators

8. Java Program to Check Whether a Number is Divisible by 5 and 11

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to determine whether a number is divisible by both 5 and 11.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int number;

        System.out.print("Enter a Number: ");
        number = scanner.nextInt();

        if (number % 5 == 0 &&
                number % 11 == 0) {

            System.out.println("Number is Divisible by 5 and 11.");

        } else {

            System.out.println("Number is Not Divisible by 5 and 11.");

        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter a Number: 55

Sample Output

Number is Divisible by 5 and 11.

Explanation

The number must satisfy both conditions.

Divisible by 5
Divisible by 11

Only then will the program print the positive result.

Concepts Covered

Logical AND
Modulus Operator
Decision Making

9. Java Program to Calculate Student Grade Using Else-if Ladder

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to calculate a student’s grade based on marks.

Grade Criteria

Marks	Grade
90–100	A
80–89	B
70–79	C
60–69	D
Below 60	F

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int marks;

        System.out.print("Enter Marks: ");
        marks = scanner.nextInt();

        if (marks >= 90) {

            System.out.println("Grade A");

        } else if (marks >= 80) {

            System.out.println("Grade B");

        } else if (marks >= 70) {

            System.out.println("Grade C");

        } else if (marks >= 60) {

            System.out.println("Grade D");

        } else {

            System.out.println("Grade F");

        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter Marks: 87

Sample Output

Grade B

Explanation

The program uses the else-if ladder to determine the appropriate grade according to the entered marks.

Concepts Covered

else-if Ladder
Decision Making
Relational Operators

10. Java Program to Check Whether a Character is Alphabet, Digit, or Special Character

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to identify whether an entered character is an alphabet, digit, or special character.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        char character;

        System.out.print("Enter a Character: ");
        character = scanner.next().charAt(0);

        if ((character >= 'A' && character <= 'Z') ||
            (character >= 'a' && character <= 'z')) {

            System.out.println("Alphabet");

        } else if (character >= '0' &&
                   character <= '9') {

            System.out.println("Digit");

        } else {

            System.out.println("Special Character");

        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter a Character: @

Sample Output

Special Character

Explanation

The program checks:

Whether the character falls within uppercase or lowercase alphabet ranges.
Whether it is a numeric digit.
Otherwise, it is treated as a special character.

Concepts Covered

Character Comparison
ASCII Values
Logical Operators
else-if Ladder

11. Java Program to Check Whether a Number is Positive, Negative, or Zero

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to determine whether a number is positive, negative, or zero.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int number;

        System.out.print("Enter a Number: ");
        number = scanner.nextInt();

        if (number > 0) {

            System.out.println("Positive Number");

        } else if (number < 0) {

            System.out.println("Negative Number");

        } else {

            System.out.println("Zero");

        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter a Number: 0

Sample Output

Zero

Explanation

The program checks the number using an else-if ladder.

Greater than 0 → Positive
Less than 0 → Negative
Otherwise → Zero

Concepts Covered

if-else-if Ladder
Relational Operators
Decision Making

12. Java Program to Find the Absolute Value of a Number

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to calculate the absolute value of a given number.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int number;

        System.out.print("Enter a Number: ");
        number = scanner.nextInt();

        if (number < 0) {

            number = -number;

        }

        System.out.println("Absolute Value = " + number);

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter a Number: -45

Sample Output

Absolute Value = 45

Explanation

If the number is negative, the program multiplies it by -1 to make it positive.

Absolute value is always non-negative.

Concepts Covered

if Statement
Unary Minus Operator
Decision Making

13. Java Program to Determine Electricity Bill Category

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to categorize electricity usage based on consumed units.

Conditions

Units	Category
Less than 100	Low Consumption
100–300	Medium Consumption
Above 300	High Consumption

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int units;

        System.out.print("Enter Electricity Units: ");
        units = scanner.nextInt();

        if (units < 100) {

            System.out.println("Low Consumption");

        } else if (units <= 300) {

            System.out.println("Medium Consumption");

        } else {

            System.out.println("High Consumption");

        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter Electricity Units: 240

Sample Output

Medium Consumption

Explanation

The program classifies electricity usage using the else-if ladder according to the entered number of units.

Concepts Covered

if-else-if
Decision Making
Relational Operators

14. Java Program to Demonstrate Nested `if` Statement

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to demonstrate the use of nested if statements.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int age;
        double percentage;

        System.out.print("Enter Age: ");
        age = scanner.nextInt();

        System.out.print("Enter Percentage: ");
        percentage = scanner.nextDouble();

        if (age >= 18) {

            if (percentage >= 60) {

                System.out.println("Eligible");

            } else {

                System.out.println("Percentage Criteria Not Met");

            }

        } else {

            System.out.println("Age Criteria Not Met");

        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter Age: 21
Enter Percentage: 78

Sample Output

Eligible

Explanation

A nested if statement means one if block is placed inside another if block.

The second condition is checked only if the first condition is true.

Concepts Covered

Nested if
Decision Making
Logical Flow

15. Java Program to Demonstrate the `switch` Statement

Problem Statement

Write a Java program to display the day of the week using the switch statement.

Java Solution

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        int day;

        System.out.print("Enter Day Number (1-7): ");
        day = scanner.nextInt();

        switch (day) {

            case 1:
                System.out.println("Monday");
                break;

            case 2:
                System.out.println("Tuesday");
                break;

            case 3:
                System.out.println("Wednesday");
                break;

            case 4:
                System.out.println("Thursday");
                break;

            case 5:
                System.out.println("Friday");
                break;

            case 6:
                System.out.println("Saturday");
                break;

            case 7:
                System.out.println("Sunday");
                break;

            default:
                System.out.println("Invalid Day Number");

        }

        scanner.close();

    }

}

Sample Input

Enter Day Number (1-7): 5

Sample Output

Friday

Explanation

The switch statement is used when multiple values need to be compared against a single variable.

The break statement prevents execution from continuing into the next case.

Concepts Covered

switch Statement
case Labels
break Statement
Default Case

Chapter Summary

In this chapter, you learned how Java Conditional Statements help a program make decisions based on different conditions. Conditional statements control the flow of execution by allowing specific blocks of code to run only when a condition is true.

You practiced solving real-world Java programs using:

if Statement
if-else Statement
else-if Ladder
Nested if
switch Statement

These decision-making statements are used in almost every Java application, including banking systems, login modules, grading systems, ATM software, e-commerce websites, hospital management systems, Android applications, and enterprise software.

By completing these practice questions, you have built a strong understanding of Java decision-making, which will help you solve coding problems more efficiently and prepare for technical interviews.

Key Takeaways

Conditional statements control program execution based on conditions.
The if statement executes code only when a condition is true.
if-else handles two possible outcomes.
The else-if ladder is used for multiple conditions.
Nested if statements allow one condition to be checked inside another.
The switch statement is useful when comparing a variable against multiple fixed values.
Logical operators (&&, ||, !) improve decision-making.
Conditional statements are widely used in real-world Java applications.
Understanding conditional statements is essential before learning loops and methods.
Strong knowledge of decision-making improves coding and interview performance.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are conditional statements in Java?

Conditional statements allow a Java program to execute different blocks of code depending on whether a condition is true or false.

2. Which conditional statements are available in Java?

Java provides:

if
if-else
else-if
Nested if
switch

3. What is the difference between `if` and `if-else`?

if executes code only when the condition is true.
if-else executes one block if the condition is true and another block if the condition is false.

4. When should we use the `switch` statement?

The switch statement is best when comparing one variable against multiple fixed values.

Example:

switch(day)
{
    case 1:
        System.out.println("Monday");
        break;

    case 2:
        System.out.println("Tuesday");
        break;

    default:
        System.out.println("Invalid");
}

5. What is a nested `if` statement?

A nested if statement is an if statement placed inside another if statement. The inner condition is checked only if the outer condition is true.

6. What is an `else-if` ladder?

An else-if ladder checks multiple conditions one after another until one condition becomes true.

7. Why is the `break` statement used in a `switch`?

The break statement stops execution after a matching case. Without it, execution continues into the next case (fall-through).

8. Why are Java conditional statements important?

Conditional statements are used in:

Login Systems
Student Result Systems
Banking Applications
Online Shopping Websites
ATM Software
Android Apps
Enterprise Applications
Coding Interviews

They are one of the most frequently used concepts in Java programming.

Written by Shubhranshu Shekhar, who has trained 20000+ students in coding.

Rishabh Kumar