Structures in C Practice Questions with solutions

Introduction

A structure in C allows you to store different types of data together under one variable name. For example, a student can have a name, age, marks, and roll number. Instead of creating separate variables for each piece of information, a structure groups related data into one unit. In this chapter, you will practice creating structures, accessing members, taking input, displaying records, calculating results, and working with multiple structure variables. Structures in C practice questions with solutions to help you understand the concepts.

Q1. Create and Display a Structure

Problem Statement

Write a C program to create a structure for a student and display the student’s name, age, and marks.

C Program

#include <stdio.h>

struct Student
{
    char name[50];
    int age;
    float marks;
};

int main()
{
    struct Student student = {"Rahul", 15, 85.5};

    printf("Name = %s\n", student.name);
    printf("Age = %d\n", student.age);
    printf("Marks = %.2f", student.marks);

    return 0;
}

Sample Output

Name = Rahul
Age = 15
Marks = 85.50

Explanation

We create a structure using:

struct Student
{
    char name[50];
    int age;
    float marks;
};

This structure contains three members:

name  → character array
age   → integer
marks → float

We create a structure variable:

struct Student student;

In this example, we initialize it directly:

struct Student student = {"Rahul", 15, 85.5};

Structure members are accessed using the dot . operator:

student.name
student.age
student.marks

Concepts Covered

struct
Structure members
Structure variable
Dot . operator
Structure initialization

Q2. Take Structure Data from the User

Problem Statement

Write a C program to create a student structure and take the student’s roll number, name, and marks as input.

C Program

#include <stdio.h>

struct Student
{
    int roll;
    char name[50];
    float marks;
};

int main()
{
    struct Student student;

    printf("Enter roll number: ");
    scanf("%d", &student.roll);

    printf("Enter name: ");
    scanf("%49s", student.name);

    printf("Enter marks: ");
    scanf("%f", &student.marks);

    printf("\nStudent Details\n");
    printf("Roll Number = %d\n", student.roll);
    printf("Name = %s\n", student.name);
    printf("Marks = %.2f", student.marks);

    return 0;
}

Sample Output

Enter roll number: 101
Enter name: Rahul
Enter marks: 87.5

Student Details
Roll Number = 101
Name = Rahul
Marks = 87.50

Explanation

The structure contains:

struct Student
{
    int roll;
    char name[50];
    float marks;
};

We create:

struct Student student;

To access the roll number:

student.roll

To access the name:

student.name

To access the marks:

student.marks

Notice that & is used with roll and marks in scanf():

scanf("%d", &student.roll);
scanf("%f", &student.marks);

For the character array name, we use:

scanf("%49s", student.name);

Concepts Covered

Structure input
Structure members
scanf()
Dot operator
Character arrays

Q3. Store Employee Information in a Structure

Problem Statement

Write a C program to store an employee’s ID, name, and salary using a structure.

C Program

#include <stdio.h>

struct Employee
{
    int id;
    char name[50];
    float salary;
};

int main()
{
    struct Employee employee;

    printf("Enter employee ID: ");
    scanf("%d", &employee.id);

    printf("Enter employee name: ");
    scanf("%49s", employee.name);

    printf("Enter salary: ");
    scanf("%f", &employee.salary);

    printf("\nEmployee Details\n");
    printf("ID = %d\n", employee.id);
    printf("Name = %s\n", employee.name);
    printf("Salary = %.2f", employee.salary);

    return 0;
}

Sample Output

Enter employee ID: 201
Enter employee name: Amit
Enter salary: 35000

Employee Details
ID = 201
Name = Amit
Salary = 35000.00

Explanation

The structure:

struct Employee
{
    int id;
    char name[50];
    float salary;
};

groups three different data types together.

A structure does not require all members to have the same data type.

Here:

id     → int
name   → char array
salary → float

Concepts Covered

Different data types in a structure
Structure declaration
Structure variable
User input

Q4. Calculate Student Total and Average Using a Structure

Problem Statement

Create a student structure containing marks in three subjects. Calculate the total and average marks.

C Program

#include <stdio.h>

struct Student
{
    char name[50];
    int marks1;
    int marks2;
    int marks3;
};

int main()
{
    struct Student student;

    printf("Enter student name: ");
    scanf("%49s", student.name);

    printf("Enter marks in Subject 1: ");
    scanf("%d", &student.marks1);

    printf("Enter marks in Subject 2: ");
    scanf("%d", &student.marks2);

    printf("Enter marks in Subject 3: ");
    scanf("%d", &student.marks3);

    int total = student.marks1 +
                student.marks2 +
                student.marks3;

    float average = total / 3.0;

    printf("\nStudent = %s\n", student.name);
    printf("Total = %d\n", total);
    printf("Average = %.2f", average);

    return 0;
}

Sample Output

Enter student name: Rahul
Enter marks in Subject 1: 80
Enter marks in Subject 2: 75
Enter marks in Subject 3: 90

Student = Rahul
Total = 245
Average = 81.67

Explanation

The structure stores the student’s information:

name
marks1
marks2
marks3

We calculate the total:

int total = student.marks1 +
            student.marks2 +
            student.marks3;

Then:

float average = total / 3.0;

Using 3.0 makes the division floating-point, so the decimal part is preserved.

Concepts Covered

Structure members
Arithmetic operations
Floating-point division
Student record

Q5. Store and Display Details of Multiple Students

Problem Statement

Write a C program to store the roll number, name, and marks of three students using an array of structures.

C Program

#include <stdio.h>

struct Student
{
    int roll;
    char name[50];
    float marks;
};

int main()
{
    struct Student students[3];

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        printf("\nEnter details for Student %d\n", i + 1);

        printf("Roll number: ");
        scanf("%d", &students[i].roll);

        printf("Name: ");
        scanf("%49s", students[i].name);

        printf("Marks: ");
        scanf("%f", &students[i].marks);
    }

    printf("\nStudent Records\n");

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        printf("\nStudent %d\n", i + 1);
        printf("Roll = %d\n", students[i].roll);
        printf("Name = %s\n", students[i].name);
        printf("Marks = %.2f\n", students[i].marks);
    }

    return 0;
}

Sample Output

Enter details for Student 1
Roll number: 101
Name: Rahul
Marks: 85

Enter details for Student 2
Roll number: 102
Name: Aman
Marks: 91

Enter details for Student 3
Roll number: 103
Name: Priya
Marks: 88

Student Records

Student 1
Roll = 101
Name = Rahul
Marks = 85.00

Student 2
Roll = 102
Name = Aman
Marks = 91.00

Student 3
Roll = 103
Name = Priya
Marks = 88.00

Explanation

Instead of creating:

struct Student student1;
struct Student student2;
struct Student student3;

we create an array:

struct Student students[3];

Each element represents one complete student record.

For example:

students[0]

represents the first student.

Its members are accessed as:

students[0].roll
students[0].name
students[0].marks

Concepts Covered

Array of structures
for loop
Structure members
Multiple records

Q6. Find the Student with the Highest Marks

Problem Statement

Write a C program to store three students and find the student who has the highest marks.

C Program

#include <stdio.h>

struct Student
{
    int roll;
    char name[50];
    float marks;
};

int main()
{
    struct Student students[3];

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        printf("\nEnter Student %d details\n", i + 1);

        printf("Roll: ");
        scanf("%d", &students[i].roll);

        printf("Name: ");
        scanf("%49s", students[i].name);

        printf("Marks: ");
        scanf("%f", &students[i].marks);
    }

    int highest = 0;

    for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++)
    {
        if (students[i].marks > students[highest].marks)
        {
            highest = i;
        }
    }

    printf("\nStudent with Highest Marks\n");
    printf("Roll = %d\n", students[highest].roll);
    printf("Name = %s\n", students[highest].name);
    printf("Marks = %.2f", students[highest].marks);

    return 0;
}

Sample Output

Enter Student 1 details
Roll: 101
Name: Rahul
Marks: 78

Enter Student 2 details
Roll: 102
Name: Aman
Marks: 92

Enter Student 3 details
Roll: 103
Name: Priya
Marks: 85

Student with Highest Marks
Roll = 102
Name = Aman
Marks = 92.00

Explanation

We initially assume the first student has the highest marks:

int highest = 0;

Then we compare the remaining students:

if (students[i].marks > students[highest].marks)

If a student has higher marks, we store that student’s index.

At the end:

students[highest]

contains the student with the highest marks.

Concepts Covered

Array of structures
Searching
Structure members
Comparison
Index tracking

Q7. Calculate Employee Salary with Bonus

Problem Statement

Create an employee structure containing name and basic salary. Calculate the final salary after adding a bonus.

C Program

#include <stdio.h>

struct Employee
{
    char name[50];
    float salary;
};

int main()
{
    struct Employee employee;

    float bonus;
    float finalSalary;

    printf("Enter employee name: ");
    scanf("%49s", employee.name);

    printf("Enter basic salary: ");
    scanf("%f", &employee.salary);

    printf("Enter bonus: ");
    scanf("%f", &bonus);

    finalSalary = employee.salary + bonus;

    printf("\nEmployee Name = %s\n", employee.name);
    printf("Basic Salary = %.2f\n", employee.salary);
    printf("Bonus = %.2f\n", bonus);
    printf("Final Salary = %.2f", finalSalary);

    return 0;
}

Sample Output

Enter employee name: Rahul
Enter basic salary: 30000
Enter bonus: 5000

Employee Name = Rahul
Basic Salary = 30000.00
Bonus = 5000.00
Final Salary = 35000.00

Explanation

The employee structure stores:

name
salary

The bonus is stored in a separate variable.

The final salary is calculated using:

finalSalary = employee.salary + bonus;

This example shows that structure members can be used in normal calculations.

Concepts Covered

Structure
Floating-point values
Structure members
Arithmetic operations

Q8. Compare Two Structure Variables

Problem Statement

Create a structure for two students and compare their marks.

C Program

#include <stdio.h>

struct Student
{
    char name[50];
    int marks;
};

int main()
{
    struct Student student1;
    struct Student student2;

    printf("Enter first student name: ");
    scanf("%49s", student1.name);

    printf("Enter first student marks: ");
    scanf("%d", &student1.marks);

    printf("\nEnter second student name: ");
    scanf("%49s", student2.name);

    printf("Enter second student marks: ");
    scanf("%d", &student2.marks);

    if (student1.marks > student2.marks)
    {
        printf("\n%s has higher marks.", student1.name);
    }
    else if (student2.marks > student1.marks)
    {
        printf("\n%s has higher marks.", student2.name);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("\nBoth students have equal marks.");
    }

    return 0;
}

Sample Output

Enter first student name: Rahul
Enter first student marks: 85

Enter second student name: Aman
Enter second student marks: 92

Aman has higher marks.

Explanation

We create two structure variables:

struct Student student1;
struct Student student2;

Each variable contains its own:

name
marks

We compare:

student1.marks

with:

student2.marks

The structure itself contains multiple pieces of data, but individual members can be compared normally.

Concepts Covered

Multiple structure variables
Structure member access
if-else
Comparison

Q9. Pass a Structure to a Function

Problem Statement

Write a C program that passes a structure variable to a function and displays its information.

C Program

#include <stdio.h>

struct Student
{
    int roll;
    char name[50];
    float marks;
};

void displayStudent(struct Student student)
{
    printf("Roll = %d\n", student.roll);
    printf("Name = %s\n", student.name);
    printf("Marks = %.2f\n", student.marks);
}

int main()
{
    struct Student student = {101, "Rahul", 88.5};

    displayStudent(student);

    return 0;
}

Sample Output

Roll = 101
Name = Rahul
Marks = 88.50

Explanation

The function is:

void displayStudent(struct Student student)

It receives a complete structure variable.

We call it using:

displayStudent(student);

Inside the function, the members are accessed using:

student.roll
student.name
student.marks

This is useful when a function needs to process a complete record.

Concepts Covered

Structure as function argument
Structure members
Function
Structure variable

Q10. Calculate Student Grade Using a Structure

Problem Statement

Create a student structure containing name and marks. Display the student’s grade based on the marks.

C Program

#include <stdio.h>

struct Student
{
    char name[50];
    float marks;
};

int main()
{
    struct Student student;

    printf("Enter student name: ");
    scanf("%49s", student.name);

    printf("Enter marks: ");
    scanf("%f", &student.marks);

    printf("\nStudent Name = %s\n", student.name);
    printf("Marks = %.2f\n", student.marks);

    if (student.marks >= 90)
    {
        printf("Grade = A");
    }
    else if (student.marks >= 75)
    {
        printf("Grade = B");
    }
    else if (student.marks >= 60)
    {
        printf("Grade = C");
    }
    else if (student.marks >= 40)
    {
        printf("Grade = D");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Grade = F");
    }

    return 0;
}

Sample Output

Enter student name: Priya
Enter marks: 82

Student Name = Priya
Marks = 82.00
Grade = B

Explanation

The structure stores:

struct Student
{
    char name[50];
    float marks;
};

After taking input, we use the structure member:

student.marks

with an else-if ladder.

For example, if the marks are 82:

82 >= 90 → No
82 >= 75 → Yes

Therefore:

Grade = B

This example combines structures with conditional statements.

Concepts Covered

Structures
Structure members
else-if
Comparison
Practical student record

Key Takeaways

A structure is a user-defined data type in C.
Structures group related data together.
Structure members can have different data types.
The struct keyword is used to define a structure.
A structure variable can contain multiple related members.
Use the dot . operator to access members of a normal structure variable.
Structures can be initialized when they are created.
Arrays of structures can store multiple records.
Structures can be passed to functions.
Structures are useful for student, employee, book, product, customer, and other records.
A structure pointer uses the -> operator to access members.
Structures are an important foundation for larger C programs and data structures.

FAQs

1. What is a structure in C?

A structure is a user-defined data type that groups related variables of different data types under one name.

2. Why are structures used in C?

Structures are used to organize related information into a single record. For example, student information such as roll number, name, and marks can be stored together.

3. How do I access a structure member in C?

Use the dot . operator:

student.roll
student.name
student.marks

4. Can a structure contain different data types?

Yes. A structure can contain members such as int, float, char, arrays, and other supported C types.

5. Can I create an array of structures?

Yes.

struct Student students[10];

This creates an array capable of storing 10 Student structure variables.

6. Can a structure be passed to a function?

Yes. A structure can be passed directly to a function:

void display(struct Student student)
{
    printf("%d", student.roll);
}

It can also be passed using a pointer.

7. What is the difference between `.` and `->` in C structures?

The dot operator is used with a normal structure variable:

student.roll

The arrow operator is used with a pointer to a structure:

studentPtr->roll

Written by Shubhranshu Shekhar, who has trained 20000+ students in coding.

Rishabh Kumar

Introduction

Q1. Create and Display a Structure

Problem Statement

C Program

Sample Output

Explanation

Concepts Covered

Q2. Take Structure Data from the User

Problem Statement

C Program

Sample Output

Explanation

Concepts Covered

Q3. Store Employee Information in a Structure

Problem Statement

C Program

Sample Output

Explanation

Concepts Covered

Q4. Calculate Student Total and Average Using a Structure

Problem Statement

C Program

Sample Output

Explanation

Concepts Covered

Q5. Store and Display Details of Multiple Students

Problem Statement

C Program

Sample Output

Explanation

Concepts Covered

Q6. Find the Student with the Highest Marks

Problem Statement

C Program

Sample Output

Explanation

Concepts Covered

Q7. Calculate Employee Salary with Bonus

Problem Statement

C Program

Sample Output

Explanation

Concepts Covered

Q8. Compare Two Structure Variables

Problem Statement

C Program

Sample Output

Explanation

Concepts Covered

Q9. Pass a Structure to a Function

Problem Statement

C Program

Sample Output

Explanation

Concepts Covered

Q10. Calculate Student Grade Using a Structure

Problem Statement

C Program

Sample Output

Explanation

Concepts Covered

Key Takeaways

FAQs

1. What is a structure in C?

2. Why are structures used in C?

3. How do I access a structure member in C?

4. Can a structure contain different data types?

5. Can I create an array of structures?

6. Can a structure be passed to a function?

7. What is the difference between . and -> in C structures?

Related Posts

7. What is the difference between `.` and `->` in C structures?